ByR. David Whitby
作者：R.大卫•惠特比（R. David Whitby）
Artificialhip and knee joints are made in three basic types: (1.) metal-on-metal (MOM),(2.) metal-on-ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (MOP) and (3.) ceramic-on-either metal (COM), polyethylene (COP) or ceramic (COC).
人工髋关节和膝关节有三种基本类型：（1.）金属对金属（MOM），（2.）金属对超高分子量聚乙烯（MOP）和（3.）陶瓷对金属（COM）、陶瓷对聚乙烯（COP）或陶瓷对陶瓷（COC）。
The metal components can be titanium, cobalt-chromiumalloys or cobalt-mixed metals. For hip joints, the ball is usually made of thefirst material and the socket is made of the second material. Sometimes thesocket is metallic with a liner made of UHMWP. Surgeons use ceramic materialsin combination with special metal or plastic components for patients who areallergic to metals. Although ceramic parts are durable, they have been morefragile than metal components, although this is changing.
金属部件可以是钛、钴铬合金或钴混合金属。对于髋关节而言，球体通常用第一种材料制成，球窝用第二种材料制成。有时球窝为金属材质，使用到用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWP）制成的垫片。对于对金属过敏的患者，外科医生将陶瓷材料与特殊金属或塑料部件结合使用。虽然陶瓷部件经久耐用，但它们相比金属部件更脆弱，尽管这种情况正在发生变化。
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